Introduction: Electrical safety is of paramount importance in any country, and the United Kingdom (UK) has long been at the forefront of establishing rigorous regulations to ensure the safety and reliability of electrical installations. These regulations are periodically updated to incorporate advancements in technology, industry best practices, and emerging safety concerns. One such crucial document is the "Corrigendum to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022," introducing changes to the UK wiring regulations. In this article, we will explore the critical modifications outlined in this document and discuss their implications for electrical installations in the UK.

  1. Background: BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 BS 7671, also known as the IET Wiring Regulations, sets the standard for electrical installations in the UK. It provides comprehensive guidance on the design, installation, inspection, and testing of electrical systems. The document ensures the safety of people, livestock, and property against electrical hazards and forms the foundation for compliance with legal obligations.
  2. Overview of the Corrigendum to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 The Corrigendum to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 introduces several changes and updates to enhance electrical safety in the UK. Notable amendments include:

a) Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs): One significant change is the expanded requirement for Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs). AFDDs are designed to detect and disconnect electrical circuits when dangerous arc faults occur, thus preventing potential fire hazards. The corrigendum extends the scope of AFDDs to cover additional areas, such as dwelling units with sleeping accommodations and rooms containing a bathtub or shower. This modification aims to provide increased protection against the risk of fires caused by electrical arcs.

b) Surge Protection Devices (SPDs): The updated regulations now emphasize the importance of Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) in safeguarding electrical installations against transient overvoltages caused by lightning strikes and other electrical disturbances. The corrigendum introduces new requirements for the installation of SPDs in various scenarios, including Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 devices, to protect against different levels of voltage surges.

c) Electric Vehicle Charging Installations: With the rise in electric vehicles (EVs), the corrigendum addresses the need for specific requirements and safety measures for EV charging installations. It provides guidance on the selection, installation, and protection of EV charging equipment, including the incorporation of residual current devices (RCDs) and the prevention of fire risks associated with charging cables and infrastructure.

  1. Implications of the Changes: The amendments introduced by the corrigendum have significant implications for electrical contractors, installers, and inspectors in the UK. Some key implications are as follows:

a) Compliance and Training: Professionals involved in electrical installations need to familiarize themselves with the updated regulations and ensure compliance with the latest requirements. Adequate training and upskilling will be essential to adapt to the changes and maintain high standards of electrical safety.

b) Enhanced Fire Safety: The expanded use of AFDDs will improve fire safety in residential settings, as these devices provide additional protection against electrical arc faults. By promptly detecting and disconnecting faulty circuits, AFDDs can reduce the risk of electrical fires, potentially saving lives and property.

c) Surge Protection: The emphasis on SPDs reinforces the importance of protecting electrical installations from transient overvoltages. Installing the appropriate SPDs can safeguard sensitive electronic equipment, minimize the risk of electrical failure, and prevent damage caused by power surges, thereby reducing repair and replacement costs.

d) EV Charging Safety: The inclusion of specific requirements for EV charging installations ensures that the growing demand for electric vehicles is accompanied by safe and reliable charging infrastructure. This will help mitigate the risks associated with EV charging, such as electrical faults, overheating, and fire hazards.

Conclusion: The "Corrigendum to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022" brings important changes to the UK wiring regulations, enhancing electrical safety and addressing emerging concerns. The expanded use of AFDDs, the emphasis on surge protection, and the inclusion of guidelines for EV charging installations are key amendments that will contribute to safer electrical systems across the UK. Electrical professionals must stay informed about these changes, adapt their practices, and ensure compliance to uphold the highest standards of electrical safety.

Citations:

  1. Institution of Engineering and Technology. (2022). Wiring Regulations BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 Corrigendum. https://www.theiet.org/standards-regulations/bs-7671-wiring-regulations/bs-7671-wiring-regulations-corrigendum/
  2. Electrical Safety First. (2022). BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 IET Wiring Regulations Corrigendum: Overview of Changes. https://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk/guidance/wiring-regulations/bs-7671-2018-a2-2022-corrigendum-overview-of-changes/
  3. The IET (Institution of Engineering and Technology). (2022). Amendments to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 IET Wiring Regulations. https://electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/amendments/

Introduction: Electrical safety is of paramount importance in any country, and the United Kingdom (UK) has long been at the forefront of establishing rigorous regulations to ensure the safety and reliability of electrical installations. These regulations are periodically updated to incorporate advancements in technology, industry best practices, and emerging safety concerns. One such crucial document […]

What is Smart Lighting?

Smart lighting is a revolutionary new technology that allows users to control their home lighting system from any device with an internet connection. It provides greater convenience, energy efficiency, and comfort to homeowners who want to make their living space more inviting and comfortable.

Smart lighting systems use sensors and controllers connected to a central hub or gateway that communicate with lights in different rooms of the house. By using apps on smartphones or tablets, users can adjust light levels, set schedules for when lights turn on and off, create lighting scenes for different occasions, and monitor energy usage.

Benefits Of Smart Lighting

Smart lighting is quickly becoming the go-to choice for homeowners looking to upgrade their existing home lighting systems. Smart lighting can provide a variety of benefits, from convenience to energy savings. By outfitting your home with a smart lighting system, you can enjoy the following advantages:

First and foremost, a smart lighting system offers an unprecedented level of convenience. With voice control or remote access available through your smartphone or tablet, you’ll be able to customize your home’s light settings at any time, from anywhere in the world. You’ll also be able to set up timers for when lights should turn on or off and dim or brighten them accordingly. This will save you time and hassle from having to manually adjust each light switch every day.

Types of Smart Lights

Smart lights are becoming increasingly popular in homes and businesses, with a variety of options to choose from. For those looking to upgrade their lighting system, there are multiple types of smart lights available for purchase.

The most common type of smart light is an LED bulb, which can be controlled directly from a smartphone or tablet. This allows users to adjust the brightness and color temperature of the light depending on their needs. Additionally, some LED bulbs allow for voice control through compatible systems such as Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant. These bulbs provide increased convenience and flexibility when it comes to controlling lighting within a space.

Another type of smart light is the connected fixture, which includes light strips and panels that can be attached to ceilings or walls. These fixtures often come with sensors that detect motion or track activity in order to automatically turn on and off when needed.

Installation and Setup

Smart lights are a great way to upgrade your home and add a touch of convenience. Whether you're replacing old fixtures or installing new ones, a smart light system is easy to set up and use. Here's what you need to know about smart lights installation and setup.

Installing smart lights is as simple as replacing any other light fixture in your home. All of the necessary hardware comes with each individual light, so all that's required is to unscrew the old fixture, attach the new one, then connect it to wifi or Bluetooth if necessary. Once installed, you can easily control the brightness and color of each bulb from your phone or voice assistant device such as Amazon Alexa or Google Home. What's more, some systems allow for scheduling so you can preset when the lights will turn on and off throughout the day - perfect for when you're away from home!

Cost Considerations

Smart lights can be a great addition to any home. They are energy-efficient and provide convenience and security. However, before making the switch to smart lights, homeowners should consider the cost of installation and upkeep.

The initial cost of installing smart lighting can range from relatively inexpensive for basic systems to thousands of dollars for more advanced setups with multiple fixtures, which includes the price of bulbs, switches, sensors, hubs, and other components. Professional installation fees may add additional costs as well. Homeowners should also consider whether their existing wiring is compatible with smart lights or if they require an upgrade.

In terms of ongoing expenses related to use, LED light bulbs have a longer lifespan than traditional incandescent bulbs so they may need replacing less often; however electricity bills could increase in homes where these devices are used frequently throughout the day.

Design Options

Smart lights are a modern and convenient way to upgrade any home. By simply replacing existing light fixtures with advanced lighting technologies, homeowners can gain access to customizable features, automated settings, and energy-saving benefits. With so many smart lights design options available on the market today, it's easy to find an option that suits your personal style and aesthetic.

From classic wall sconces to ceiling flush mounts, there are a variety of designs available in both indoor and outdoor styles. Many of these products come in an array of colors or can be programmed to change color depending on the time of day. Many also have multiple control modes like remote operation or voice command for added convenience. For those concerned about energy efficiency, most smart lighting is designed with eco-friendly LED technology that uses little electricity yet produces a bright illumination.

Conclusion: Benefits Outweigh Costs

The conclusion of the discussion surrounding smart lights is that the benefits far outweigh the costs. Smart lights can improve not only lighting but also energy efficiency and security in homes and businesses. Through features such as scheduling, dimming, motion sensors, voice activation, color changing capabilities, and more, smart lights provide a variety of advantages to their users.

Smart lighting solutions are becoming increasingly popular due to their cost-savings abilities; some studies have found that switching to LED bulbs with smart controls can save up to 90% on energy bills. Additionally, they offer added convenience and control over lighting in your home or business through smartphone apps or voice commands. Smart lights also provide extra security for homes by allowing owners to use automated schedules and motion detectors for enhanced safety.

Further Thoughts

Smart technology dominates our day to day lives. For the majority of people, smartphones have become an extension of the body and we are never too far from the nearest Wi-Fi hotspot. Therefore, it was only a matter of time before this type of technology made its way into other areas, for example lighting.

More and more people are choosing to replace their standard incandescent bulbs with smart LED bulbs, or opting to install smart switches. Smart lighting comes in many different forms, including smart bulbs, switches, plugs and outlets. Each type has its own respective strengths and weaknesses which should be considered prior to making a decision.

Smart Bulbs

When you think of smart lighting, the first thing that comes to mind is smart bulbs. These are LED bulbs that can be installed like any other type of bulb but have the ability to connect with other smart devices, usually through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee. This allows users the ability to control these bulbs using their tablets or smartphones.

Features vary across different products but usually include things like dimming, colour change, automatic operation, and even reaction to music.

More premium features can include music playback, motion tracking, and built-in cameras.

The use of smart bulbs is probably the easiest and quickest way to introduce smart lighting into your home. LED bulbs have dropped in price quite dramatically in recent years and are now much more affordable. This is especially beneficial when considering outfitting the entire home with smart bulbs. Even if prices are high, LEDs tend to be an extremely good investment as they are exceptionally energy efficient and last for a long time In terms of drawbacks, there are a few that should be considered.

Not all smart bulbs can connect directly with other devices, some require a hub to act as a middleman. Another issue to keep in mind is that the majority of smart bulbs use E-shape screw-in bases and therefore won't be appropriate for all types of fixtures. Furthermore, the bulbs will only work when the light is switched on.

Smart Switches

Some people prefer to bypass the whole idea of bulbs and replace their light switches instead. This approach definitely requires more effort and you may need to bring in an expert if you don't feel comfortable working with the wiring.

As with smart bulbs, smart switches can either connect directly with your devices or may need a hub to bridge the gap. The main benefit of smart switches is that they can be used to control any type of bulb.

Unfortunately, smart switches offer a limited approach in terms of features when compared with smart bulbs. Usually, the switches can control whether the light is on or off and possibly the light intensity but that is it. Therefore, users who are looking for more dramatic controls such as colours and music should avoid the switch approach.

Another drawback to keep in mind is that smart switches tend to be a much more expensive option, especially if you want to modify your entire home.

Smart Outlets/Plugs

Interestingly, smart plugs have been around for quite a while, long before smartphones were the juggernaut they are today. Back in the past, they were bulky and their 'smart' capabilities were reduced to interacting with a timer. As you can imagine, the technology has become much more sophisticated and now customers can choose to replace their entire outlet with a smart counterpart. This means users can control whatever device is plugged in, allowing them to switch it on or off remotely. You can even create timed profiles for certain devices, for example, have the lights come on 5 minutes before arriving home.

Smart outlets and plugs can be an extremely versatile option as they can be used to control whatever is plugged in, not just lighting (although this is often the case). Also, smart plugs specifically, don't require any installation and can be used straight out of the box.

Although they can be used with lamps, smart plugs and outlets cannot be used with hardwired lights and therefore are fairly limited when it comes to overall lighting control.

If you are looking to install smart outlets, the process can be fairly complex, and again you may need an expert to help you.

In terms of cost, these types of plugs and outlets do tend to set you back more than when compared with smart bulbs.

There are still issues surrounding smart lighting, including pricing, installation, and connectivity. That being said, smart technology is here to stay and it's likely that as costs are reduced, more and more households will adopt these devices.

What is Smart Lighting? Smart lighting is a revolutionary new technology that allows users to control their home lighting system from any device with an internet connection. It provides greater convenience, energy efficiency, and comfort to homeowners who want to make their living space more inviting and comfortable. Smart lighting systems use sensors and controllers […]

Since January 2019, after an initial grace period, electrical contractors (gas engineers and kitchen fitters also) have been obliged to observe the 18th Edition wiring regulations.

The main changes when the 17th Edition gave way to the 18th Edition are:

18th Edition Amendment 1

This amendment focussed on EV electrical vehicle charging installations and acceptable alternatives to the use of earth electrodes.18th Edition Amendment 2 (March 2022)

18th Edition Amendment 2 (March 2022)

The Institution of Engineering and Technology

Information and help for electrical installers

Since January 2019, after an initial grace period, electrical contractors (gas engineers and kitchen fitters also) have been obliged to observe the 18th Edition wiring regulations. The main changes when the 17th Edition gave way to the 18th Edition are: Lightning risk assessment for protection against overvoltages using SPD surge protection devices – If a […]

Amendment 3

The third amendment made to the BS 7671:2008 (IET Wiring Regulations) includes a number of changes that came into effect on the 1st January of 2015. However, contractors have been given a six-month grace period in which they can learn about these Amendment 3 changes and make the appropriate arrangements to prepare. Therefore, the new regulations will be enforceable from the 1st June 2015 (1/1/2016 for consumers). The following is a summary of the main changes to the IET Wiring Regulations and what they mean for you.

Socket Protection

The regulations concerning socket protection have changed. Now, all sockets rated 20A and below are required to be 30mA RCD protected. Furthermore, all sockets rated up to 32A are also required to be 30mA RCD protected if they could be used to provide energy to outside portable equipment.

It should be noted that there are exceptions to these rules. Sockets rated up to 20A do not have to be protected if a risk assessment is carried out and deems this unnecessary. However, this doesn't affect installations within dwellings.

Another exception to the rule includes specifically labeled socket outlets that have been provided for particular equipment.

Consumer Units

Another addition to the regulations involves consumer units and has been prompted by an increase in fires in recent years. To combat this, consumer units should be made from non-combustible materials, for example, metal, or specialist plastic. It should be noted that this doesn't apply to commercial installations, only those completed in domestic settings.

Contractors also have the option of installing consumer units within a non-combustible cabinet. This particular Amendment 3 regulation will come into effect on the 1st of January 2016, allowing adequate time for the manufacture of necessary components.

Check out the latest amendment 3 approved consumer units here

Escape Routes

The new regulations describing wiring systems within escape routes have been devised due to a problem with these systems collapsing during fires. The premature collapse of these systems during fires has proved extremely dangerous and in some cases fatal. In response to this, the new regulations dictate that wiring systems within escape routes should be adequately supported in other to prevent collapse.

Bathrooms

Another addition to the BS7671 is building upon the regulations concerning bathrooms. Now, low voltage circuits which pass through zones 1 and 2 off a bathroom will have to be 30mA RCD protected.

Lighting

The regulations for both outdoor lighting and low-voltage lighting installations have been moved from part 5 to part 7 (714 and 715).

Cables

Amendments have been made to the protocol for the installation of cables in metal stud work walls. It is now necessary for unprotected cables to have 30mA RCD protection regardless of their depth within the wall. However, there is an exception to this if the cables can be mechanically protected during construction.

Definition

The definition of 'auxiliary circuit' has been changed to:
'Circuit for transmission of signals intended for control, detection, supervision, or measurement of the functional status of the main circuit'.

This is a just a brief outline of the new Amendment 3 changes within the IET Wiring Regulations. It is recommended that those who are affected by these regulations should ensure they are fully up to date with these changes in order to successfully function within the guidelines.

**Please also see our earlier post 17th Edition Consumer Unit Advice **

Amendment 3 The third amendment made to the BS 7671:2008 (IET Wiring Regulations) includes a number of changes that came into effect on the 1st January of 2015. However, contractors have been given a six-month grace period in which they can learn about these Amendment 3 changes and make the appropriate arrangements to prepare. Therefore, […]

Electricity has completely transformed our lives for the better but there are risks to utilising this powerful force. As we know, electricity can be extremely dangerous, both directly and indirectly. A faulty appliance or bad wiring can lead to a lethal electric shock or could even cause a fire to break out. There are always going to be risks involved but fortunately, there are components that negate these risks, allowing for the safe and practical use of electrical appliances. These components are circuit breakers.

What is a circuit breaker?

Circuit breakers are similar to fuses in that they both complete the same task but go about in different ways. Fuses are usually found in the plugs of electrical devices and protect these devices, as well as your electrical infrastructure and of course you.

They can also be found in a single location within the building in a 'fuse box'. The fuses themselves contain a thin wire which will melt if the current becomes too high. This is what happens when a fuse 'blows.' Although inconvenient to many householders, this mechanism is vital as it is signifying that there is something wrong with either the device or the electrical input. Once 'blown', a fuse cannot be used again and needs to be replaced. This is the main difference between fuses and circuit breakers.

The mechanism behind circuit breakers is much more complex but it allows for multiple uses. Circuit breakers are usually in a single location within the home, sometimes in the basement or ground floor but it differs for each building. The circuit breaker works by holding a switch in the on position using a metal bar. This bar has live and neutral wires wrapped around it which creates an electromagnetic force. However, if both wires have a steady current, then this force is canceled out and the bolt stays in place. If the current changes beyond a set limit, then the electromagnetic force becomes powerful enough to move the metal bolt into the off position and the circuit breaker cuts the power. The circuit breaker can then be reset by flipping the switch back into the on position but it should be noted that if the original problem persists then the breaker will simply switch off again.

Why are they important?

Although out of sight and out of mind, circuit breakers are protecting us each and every day. There are many reasons for a potentially dangerous surge in current, from faulty wiring, faulty devices, water damage or human error, such as cutting through a lawnmower cord. In fact, the risk of cutting or damaging a cord is high when using pretty much any type of power tool. If a circuit breaker wasn't in place and a wire is damaged, then the electricity would still be trying to get through the damaged cord or device and could jump through you. When considering that a powerful enough shock can kill a person in less than a second, it becomes painfully clear why circuit breakers are necessary.

Along with protecting against electric shocks, they also block stray currents from starting fires. This is particularly important when considering that these types of fires can begin anyway and could even start in the night when everybody is asleep. The majority of homes and businesses are protected by circuit breaker systems. However, it is still important to regularly check that your system is working correctly. If you have any worries or you think that your equipment is malfunctioning, please contact a qualified professional.

Electricity has completely transformed our lives for the better but there are risks to utilising this powerful force. As we know, electricity can be extremely dangerous, both directly and indirectly. A faulty appliance or bad wiring can lead to a lethal electric shock or could even cause a fire to break out. There are always […]

RCBOs provide positive contact status indication to comply with the current wiring regulations and incorporate many safety features.
The operating dolly can be locked in the on or off position without affecting the unit's ability to trip for testing and safety.

The device operates in both current overload and earth fault scenarios, essentially doing the job of an RCD and MCB all in one device.

RCBOs are Easy To Wire. Single module RCBOs are designed to fit in place of a single module MCB in a consumer unit or modular din-rail enclosure. This allows earth fault protection of individual circuits reducing the inconvenience caused when an RCD device interrupts multiple circuits because of a fault one just one. Generous 25mm live supply tunnel terminals (10mm for live and neutral load terminals) give you plenty of cabling room and a positive contact.

Live and Neutral outward terminals allow up to 16mm cables. RCBOs come with colour coded leads attached for the earth and neutral supply.

When Selecting RCBOs: The circuit cable should always be cable of carrying more current than the rating of your chosen RCBO. In rare cases where this is not the case, further calculations may show that the RCBO can trip sufficiently quickly to stop the cable overheating. This should save damage to the cable, but further overload protection should be considered from a separate device such as a motor overload relay.

RCBOs provide positive contact status indication to comply with the current wiring regulations and incorporate many safety features.The operating dolly can be locked in the on or off position without affecting the unit’s ability to trip for testing and safety. The device operates in both current overload and earth fault scenarios, essentially doing the job […]

Handy chart to help with the correct selection of BS88 fuses[/caption]

Handy chart to help with the correct selection of BS88 fuses[/caption]